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The title for unit 16 was: Conditionals and reported speech. In this unit I learned about grammar for sentences containing 'if'. Also I learned how to report direct speech and how to teach these methods to other students. I will now further explain how I got equipped through this Unit. Firstly, in sentences containing 'if', there are always two clauses, namely, the 'if' clause (that contains the condition that needs to be satisfied before the second clause could be realised) and the 'main clause' (expressing the consequence of the 'if' clause). There are five main conditionnals. The Zero conditionnal (form:if/when + present tense, present tense): Used for actions or facts that are indisputable and unchangeble The first conditionnal (form: if + present simple, will): Used for real situations that is possible to happen in the future when the condition was met. The second conditionnal (form: if + past simple, would, could, might + verb base form): Used to communicate a present or future unreal situation that is not true in that moment and might not ever happen. The Third conditionnal (form: if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle): It is used to refer to hypothetical past actions and results. The mixed conditionnal (form: if + past perfect, would + base form of verb): This is used to refer to a hypothetical past action or state and present consequance. As this is very easy for the students to make mistakes with, there are teaching ideas to help. For example: Split sentences, complete the conditional and chain conditionnals. With reported speech and direct speech. It is used when a person wants to tell someone else's direct speech to a third party in a reported speech format. It is important to remember that the verb tenses change! For example, present simple changes to past simple, past continuous changes to past perfect continuous and will to would. Although past perfect and past perfect contiuous don't change, almost all the rest does change of tense. Pronous also change, which we call the 'backshifting', like, this and here becomes that and there. Teaching ideas for this would be, intermediaries, reporting verbs or to have media interviews.
