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Reading and listening are 2 of the 4 basic language skills and are classified as receptive skills, how we receive information. We read or listen for a particular purpose or for our entertainment; sometimes the reason can be both. These 2 basic language skills require you to understand and process words in your pre-existing knowledge. There are 5 specialist skills that are needed for you to understand what you read or listened to. Predictive skills: predicting the content of an article/dialogue from a snippet of information. Specific information-scanning: concentrating on a particular piece of information. General idea-skimming: getting the gist of the information without focusing on every word. Detailed information: fully concentrating on all the information. Deduction from context: getting more information than just the intended meaning. The main problems associated with teaching and learning the receptive skills are the language within the text/dialogue, the topic of the text/dialogue and the performance of tasks. Listening presents more of a challenge than reading. You have to deduce a meaning from something you hear only once. With reading you can take your time to think about what you've read and you can read it more than once. One solution to the language problem is to teach difficult/unknown vocabulary and structures that are essential to the material that will be read or listened to prior to the assignment. The unauthentic or made-up text/dialogue is easier and more understandable for the lower language levels. It can be modified to reflect known vocabulary and grammar. Authentic text/dialogue uses real life conversations such as the news or magazine articles which can be complex. It should be presented to students with a more advanced language level. Learning what interests your students have will help in the section of varied intriguing topics. Comprehensive tasks use critical thinking that promotes understanding. The tasks should be challenging but realistically achievable. When designing your lesson use a variety of topics and materials to keep it fresh and motivating for your class. Infuse activate phases that will have a natural flow from the text/dialogue.
