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This unit covered two topics, namely conditionals and reported speech. The unit presented the five types of conditionals that can be used in English to represent a relationship between a condition and the likely or hypothetical result. For each conditional, the unit described usages, forms and some teaching ideas for all conditionals, such as chain conditionals and split sentences. There was also a description of common learner errors/mistakes, such as mixing up the first/second conditionals and generally grasping the complexity of the structures (the video provided some good examples on how to make the differences as clear as possible to the students, such as modifying the same situation in different conditional forms). For reported speech, the unit described the method of backshifting to correctly report direct speech - i.e., shifting the tense of verbs back into the past, and similarly shifting the reported time marker into the past. As the unit made clear, this backshifting of verb tenses can be quite tricky for learners, and some teaching activities were suggested to help the students practice the correct usage of backshifting (such as media interviews, and interviewing other students to report what they said).
