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A phone represents a single sound in a language. Phones on the left of the chart are pronounced with the front of he mouth and the phones on the right of the chart are pronounced with the back of the mouth. The shaded symbols are unvoiced (without vibrations). There are twelve vowels. Long vowels are indicated by their colon. Diphthongs are two vowel sounds combined. There are six manners of articulation: plosives, affricates, fricatives, nasal, lateral and approximates. There are eight places of articulation: bilabial, labio-dental, dental, alveolar, palatal-alveolar, palatal, velar and glottal. Intonation is the volume and pitch in a sentence. Rise and fall intonation is the standard and it is used to ask questions are are straightforward. Fall-Rise intonation is used when the speaker seeks a response. For example, Are you serious? Lastly, the flat intonation show disinterest. Connected speech can occur through linking where 2 or more words sound like one word, dropping where some letters are dropped, changing where letters are changes thus changing the sound of the word, and lastly, extra lettering which occurs when we want to connect two vowel sounds with a constant sound. For example, my eyes becomes my-yeyes.
