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Unit 4 introduces the tense system and how it can present difficulties for new English students and teachers alike. There are 12 tenses in English while many Asian languages have only 1 tense and different as well as different forms for questions, and different subject types (I,he,they,etc). Each part in the 'Tense' units (Form, Usage, Typical Student Errors and Activate Stage Teaching Ideas) give future ESL teachers confidence in knowing English verb tense rules, teaching them, and helping students avoid systematic errors. This unit covers the present tense types : Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous. * The Present Simple tense is used to talk about fixed habits or routines, things that don?t change. * The Present Continuous to talk about actions which are happening at the present moment. * The Present Perfect Tense is used to talk about a finished action or situation. * The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to talk about a continuous, but not necessarily finished action or situation. In the following table an example of each tense is given for I, He, You (Interrogative) and You (Negative). TENSE I He/She/It YOU INTERROGATIVE YOU NEGATIVE PRESENT SIMPLE I read books. He writes books. Do you write books? You do not write books. PRESENT CONTINUOUS I am reading books. He is writing books. Are you writing books? You are not writing books. PRESENT PERFECT I have read books. He has written books. Have you written books? You have not written books. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I have been reading books. He has been writing books. Have you been writing books? You have not been writing books. 'Activate Stage Teaching Plans' are good for students to practice the language regularly so that the correct grammatical form becomes intuitive. This approach is superior to having students memorize the grammar forms and exceptions themselves. Teachers should also design lessons to have continuous feedback which will prevent students from making any habitual errors.
