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This unit focuses on conditionals and reported speech. There are two clauses and the main clause and either can come in the first part of a conditional sentence for example If I had the money, I would buy a new car I would buy a new car if I had the money The if clause contains the condition that has to be satisfied before the action or state in the main clause can be realised The five main conditions are; 1. Zero conditional. if when+ present tense, present tense it referse to actions and facts that are irrefutable if or when can be used unthout change of meaning it. 2. First conditional. If + present simple,will Will can be replaced by a modal verb eg, may,might, can, should, must) this talks about a ? real ? situation in the future that is possible or even certain once the condition has been satisfied 3. Second conditional If + past simple, would!,might,+base form. Communicates a present or future unreal hypothetical situation that is presently not true and is unlikely ever to be true 4. Third conditional If + past perfect, would,might,+have + past participle It referse to a hypothetical past action or non-action and the hypothetical past consequence result 5. Mixed conditional If +past perfect, would + base form. This mix refers to a hypothetical past action or state and t the hy pothetical present consequence Reported speec and indirect questions, some changes takes place for example Is any one there?He asked becomes He asked if whether anyone was there There are never quotation marks in reported speech, as use are not quoting the exact words spoken time expression These are also modified if back-shifing for example ;today becomes that day , yesterday becomes day before or the previous day or the day after etc Teaching ideas Intermediaries-in groups of three one person says a sentence which is then reported to a third Reporting verbs.i=higher levels could be first asked to make a list of as many verbs as possible that replace the reporting verb ie say Media interviews- it often report third parties speech and student can devise their own based on current event Going through this unit, I have learnt the five main conditional and reported speech, when and how they can be used.
