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Classroom management helps teachers to keep students organized, orderly, focused on task, and academically productive during a class. When classroom management strategies are executed effectively, teachers minimize the behaviors that impede learning for both individual students and groups of students, while maximizing the behaviours that facilitate or enhance learning. Eye contact, gesture and the voice are essential to establishing good rapport with students. Eye contact is used to show students that they're involved in the lesson, to signal students to start, stop or get a move on, to maintain discipline, etc. At the same time the eye contact should be avoided during any activity which is not teacher-centred. Good use of gestures can be effective to add visual interest, to increase the pace of the lesson, to convy the meaning of language, etc. Gestures should only be used if students know the meaning of them. Teachers who use their voice properly can livened up or quietend down the atmosphere in the classroom by an alteration in teacher's volume. Grouping students can be mostly depended of a class size and classroom furniture. Activities geared to the whole class, students working in pairs, alone and larger groups are all appropriate and each has its own place in the classroom. Available space, type of chairs/tables, age of students, nationality and student personality influence the classroom arragement. Orderly rows, circles and horeshoes and separate tables are most popular positions for arranging classroom. The teacher's position - sitting and standing - could tell students what kind of activity it is, what the teacher's role will be and what the students are expected to do. There is no way you can avoid turning your back to the students during board-work, however there are ways that can help to reduce this time, such as using an overhead projector, preparing cards with vocabulary, etc. Before giving an individual attention make sure you know all students' names. Avoid teaching exclusively to only the strong or weak students, all students should be included equally in any activity. Teaching talk time will be more , when the teacher presents, checks materials, provides languag input, gives instructions and etablishes rapport.
