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Introduction to new language includes vocabulary, grammar, and functions. In general, a learner?s receptive vocabulary (words the student knows but doesn?t use) is larger than their productive vocabulary (words the student knows and uses). Selecting vocabulary to teach may be chosen depending on the following criteria: appropriateness to the students, appropriateness to the task, how often the students are likely to use/come across the language, and teachability. Students need to know the following about a vocabulary item: meaning, use, grammar, interaction, spelling, and pronunciation. Techniques for vocabulary teaching in the engage phase include realia and pictures, all used to elicit or explain meaning. In the study phase, activities include gap-fill, word searches, pronunciation exercises, and study from texts/dialogues. In the activate stage, activities could include role-play, simulation, or material production task. Language structures chosen to be introduced depends on the level of the class. Students will need to know the language?s meaning, its use, forms and patterns, as well as any differences between its spoken and written form. Techniques for presenting language structures may include prompting, question/answer, or using pictures. Techniques for studying the language structure may include intonation/pronunciation patterns, sentence building, or looking at the language in context via dialogues/texts. Activities for the activate stage could include communication games, role-play, or discussion/debate. Language functions include areas such as inviting, refusing, agreeing/disagreeing, and suggesting. Teaching these includes appropriateness in use? formal, informal, tentative, etc. The boomerang and patchwork type ESA lessons are most effective in these lesson points. I learned that it's important to keep in mind context and appropriateness when discussing new language like vocabulary, grammar, and functions. These things depend on its appropriateness to the students and the task, and how often the students are likely to come across the language. It's also necessary to pair the appropriate activities to each stage of the lesson so that student have the proper exposure to practicing the new language.
