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This unit is focused on teaching new language. We shall begin with the teaching of vocabulary. Vocabulary is very important to the students especially at the early stages when students are motivated to learn basic words. How easy or difficult a vocabulary item is largely depends on a number of factors. - Similarity of students own language - Similarity of English words already known - Spelling and pronunciation - Appropriacy Selecting Vocabulary One of the biggest problems of vocabulary teaching is how to select which words to teach. Although the teacher is generally guided by the course and teachers book, the following criteria can be used; - Appropriacy to the students - Approriacy to the task - Teachability What do students need to know about vocabulary item? - Meaning - Use - Word grammar - Interaction - Spelling - Pronunciation Techniques for vocabulary teaching Engage : the following methods can be used to help engage the students and to elicit/explain meaning - Realia - Mime and action - Pictures - Contrast - Discussion - Discovery Study : study activities can include; - Gab-filling exercise - Word searches - Cross words - Matching exercises - Example sentences - Pronunciation exercises such as drilling - Study from text and dialogue Activate : teacher tells small groups that they can design their prefect house furnishing, money no object. Later students presents their dream houses to the class. Introducing grammatical structures However in all cases, the students will need to know what the language means, how it is used, what the grammatical form is and how it is said/written. - Meaning - Use - Forms and patterns - Spoken and written form Techniques for presenting and practicing language structure Engage : - Discussion - Scenario building - Prompting - Question and answer - Using pictures, drawing, real objects, mime etc Study ; - Intonation and pronunciation patterns - Looking at the language in context through texts and dialogues - Choral and individual repetition - Gab-fills - Information gabs - Sentence word order activities - Sentence building Activate ; - Communication games - Role-play - Story building - Discussion Typical grammar lesson - Engage - Activate - Study - Activate - Study - Activate Typical ESA function lesson - Engage - Activate - Study - Activate
