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Phonology is a part of linguistics, that ?deals? with organization of sounds in languages. It covers such aspects as: intonation, stress and rhythm. The variation of a volume and pitch in a sentence is considered to be an intonation. The normal pattern of the intonation in the English language is rise and fall. (I want to buy some cookies.) Different intonation can describe different emotions. For example: 1.I?ll buy cookies tomorrow. Intonation falls in the end - it?s a finished statement. 2. Where I can buy some cookies? Rise and fall - speaker is waiting for an answer. I think, that the best way to teach your students the intonation issue is just to use some, humbling, songs, voice recording. Hand gestures, some board drawings are also helpful in this situation. Talking about stress, we should remember that there are two golden rules for stresses in the English language. 1.One word - one stress. 2.Only syllables can be stressed. We can help our student to understand this issue by some clapping, clicking, tapping, choral work and some board signs (stress mark, underling or boxes). The phonetic alphabet can various. The reason is different types of the language. But we all are human beings and our vocal cords are similar, that?s why there are several organs that ?work? during the speech: ?The tongue ?The larynx ?The glottis ?The alveolar ridge ?The soft palate ?The hard palate Different sounds can be produced in different places. Such sounds like /k/ and /g/ can be produced by rising the back of our tongue; we call them velar. Also we can distinguish such place of articulation: Palatal - alveolar Alveolar Dental Labio-dental Bilabial Glottal There are also different types of articulation manner: Plosive /p/, /b/, /d/ ?explosive? sounds Fricative /f/, /s/ air is being pushed though a small space Nasal /m/, /n/ Lateral /l/ Affricate /ch/ Approximant /w/ In my humble opinion, each aspect should be taught through the repetition and practice. Transcription, scripts are rather useful keys to learn new blocks of the language, but I doubt that it will work with young learners. I think that such level groups should learn and listen different songs, tongue-twisters, rhythms and so on and they will understand the material more naturally.
