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This unit covered Modals, Passive Speech, Relative Clauses, and Phrasal Verbs. Modals: There are nine true auxiliary modal verbs: will, would, should, shall, might, may, must, can, and could. There are also semi-modals. Some of the usages for modals include ability, advice, deduction, obligation, offer, permission, possibility, prediction, prohibition, promise, and request. Difficulties students have in learning modal auxiliary verbs are knowing which verb to use for which usage and using the correct structure. For example, we say, \"I don't like swimming,\" but we don't add 'do' and say \"I don't can swim.\" With modal auxiliary verbs we can't use 'do.' Verbs in positive sentences with modals do not need an 's' added. For example, \"He likes swimming,\" but it is incorrect to say, \"He can swims.\" However, when using semi-modals, such as 'need to\" we do add the 's' when changing subject. For example, \"I need to work,\" but \"He needs to work.\" These above examples are just a few of the problems students may encounter. After Modals, the differences between forming Active and Passive Voice Sentences were discussed. Explanation was given on how to change sentence from active to passive voice, and a list was given of tense formation for the verb 'to be' + past participle when changing to passive voice. Usages for the Passive Voice are when the agent is unknown or unimportant, when you want to change the focus, and when you want to conceal the agent. One of the main points for ESL students to learn is that the auxiliary verb 'to be' is conjugated into the same tense as the verb in the action voice sentence. Relative Clauses were briefly covered. The three main categories of clauses are Independent Clauses, Dependent Clauses, and Relative Clauses. Relative Clauses can be essential or non-essential to the meaning of a sentence. Examples were given of each. Phrasal Verbs were also briefly discussed. There are three types of phrasal verbs. The are intransitive, which cannot be followed by a direct object, transitive where an object pronoun can only come between the verb and the particle, and transitive inseparable, where the object phrase or object pronoun both come after the particle. This unit was helpful and thoroughly covered in a short space the most important information about the subject of modals and active versus passive voice.
