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Unit 12 deals with the productive skills of speaking and writing. Both of these skills are employed for the purpose of communication. Generally, writing is considered the more neglected skill of the two, despite being the more difficult skill that requires a greater degree of accuracy than speaking. Speaking, on the other hand,requires a greater degree of fluency. Since both of these productive skills are communicative in nature, it's necessary for the teacher to create the need and desire to communicate in students. It's also of utmost importance for the teacher to encourage students to speak and interact, and to enable students to be unafraid of making mistakes. Speaking activities can be broken down into three main types : controlled activities, which are accuracy based and language is controlled by the teacher; guided activities, which are also accuracy based but more creative and productive, and where the output is still controlled by the teacher but the exact language is controlled by the students; and creative communication, which is fluency based and the content of the language is controlled by the students. The development of writing skills includes handwriting, spelling, layout and punctuation, and the technique of creative writing.
