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There are four past tenses. The simple past is used when actions have been completed at a definite point in time. The verb 'to be' has two forms and is the only irregular with 2 forms. There are many verbs that when used in the simple past have irregular conjugations with no rules to accompany them, so memorisation is a must for students. Students can learn these forms by activities such as recalling what they did yesterday, or writing a diary entry. The past continuous involves recalling actions from the past that went on continuously. They are also used in descriptions and requires a time reference. A good activity for students could be to create a story in the past tense where these forms can be utilised. The past perfect contains the subject, 'had' or 'had not', and a past participle. This tense expresses actions that have occurred before other actions in the past, or it is to say, two events have happened and are mentioned, but which comes first? The past perfect helps identify which event occurred first and which followed. The past perfect continuous is used to talk about situations that had been continuously going on, right up until a certain moment in time. The use of 'had' and 'been' together in this form often gives students some trouble.
