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Teaching phonology was always challenging for my abilities because never learned how does this system work. In pronunciation of English, intonation, stress, and International Phonetic Alphabet have the vast role to play. Where intonation is considered to be the variation in volume and pitch in a whole sentence, where the sentence is more concerned with individual words. When considering how English sounds are made, the most significant parts of the mouth are the lips, teeth, tongue, and different parts of the top of the mouth. The sounds of English can be organized by consonants and vowels. Consonants depend on the place of articulation (where the sound is made in vocal tract), the manner of articulation (how close the articulators or parts of the mouth get to change airflow to make a sound), and voicing (whether vocal chords produce sound or not). With different combinations of these 3 factors, English speakers produce stop sounds (i.e. /p/, /b/, /d/), fricatives (i.e. /f/, /v/, /h/), affricates (i.e. ch, j), nasals (i.e. /m/, ng), and liquids and glides (i.e. /l/, /r/. Vowels are all voiced (vocal chords producing sound) and rely on the placement of the tongue in the oral cavity, affected by the height, frontness, and tenseness of the tongue.
