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We can apply ESA methods to introduce a new language. Grammar and vocabulary lessons are typically done with straight arrow methods. Functions-based lessons are taught with boomerang or patchwork lessons. Vocabulary lessons need to be planned in relation to the class ability and course structure. Students in a vocabulary class can be engaged through the use of pictures, discussion, objects and action. Study phase activities include drilling exercises, gap-fill, wordsearches and crosswords. Teaching grammatical structures involves conveying what the language means, usage, forms and patterns, and spoken/written forms. Engaging students can be done with question and answer activities or scenario building. The study phase can include sentence or word activities, drilling, and viewing dialogue with the use of texts. Language functions include suggesting, disagreeing, inviting and refusing, and also include the appropriateness of language, i.e. whether it should be used formally or technically, for example. A typical language function lesson involves boomerang or patchwork structures. Engaging students can be done with a discussion or with visual prompts. The study phase can include the use of audio and comparisons. The activate phase can include roleplay games.
