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Unit Twelve is about productive skills, which are speaking and writing. These are used to communicate. Writing is often more difficult, but speaking involves a greater degree of fluency. Reasons for communication are a communicative purpose, want to say something, want to listen to something, and interested in what is being said. The unit addressed accuracy and fluency activities. Accuracy activities (at the study phase) concentrate on producing correct language. Fluency activities (at the activate phase) concentrate on allowing students to experiment and be creative with language. Accuracy and fluency are equally important. There are three types of speaking activities: controlled activities, guided activities, and creative communication activities. The unit gives reasons why students are hesitant to participate in speaking activities and how to encourage participation. It also gives guidelines for free/creative speaking activities. The unit ends with writing. Writing is different in every day from speaking. It then goes through handwriting, spelling, and layout/punctuation. The unit gives an example writing lesson and ends with games in the classroom. There are two types, competitive games and co-operative games. These are broken down further into communicative games and linguistic games.
