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Unit 3 focused on teaching theories, methods, and techniques. The following are examples of some of the most commonly used methods: 1. Grammar - Translation, 2. Audio - lingualism (drilling), 3. Presentation, Practice, and Production (PPP), 4. Task-based Learning, 5. Communicative Language Teaching (role-playing), 6. Community Language Learning (free-talking), 7. The Silent Way, 8. Suggestopaedia, and 9. The Lexical Approach. The last three mentioned approaches are interesting and require further explanation. While using The Silent Way, the teacher rarely speaks. Rather he/she uses colored rods to \"communicate\" or show a grammar/pronunciation error. This method is good when getting the students to explore the language for themselves and not simply rely on just the instructor. On the other hand, Suggestopaedia has 3 steps and is based on making the students comfortable, confident, and relaxed. First, there is an oral review of the previous lessons. Next, there is a presentation/discussion of the new language. Finally, the teacher reads the new dialogue while students listen to relaxing music. The last approach is the Lexical Approach. It states that words and phrases are more important than grammatical structure. Unit 3 also talks in detail about the ESA Approach which stands for Engage, Study, Activate. The \"Engage\" phase includes a warm-up activity for students to get their brains and energy flowing. Not much error correction is given and students should be encouraged to participate in a game, music, or telling an interesting story. Moving on to the \"Study\" phase, grammar, pronunciation, spelling, etc. are emphasized and error correction is given. In the last phase, the \"Activate\" phase, students should use the language they know and have learned as freely as possible while trying to keep the conversation going. Activate activities might include role plays, communicative games, debates, and story writing. Among ESA the 3 types are: Straight Arrow ESA (Ex: Engage, Study, Activate), Boomerang ESA (Ex: Engage, Activate 1, Study, Activate 2), and Patchwork ESA (Ex: Engage, combination of ESA, Activate). Overall, this lesson provided great teaching methodologies and theories that instructors such as myself can use in their classes/lessons. Most importantly, the goal of these activities and methodologies is to elicit student responses and encourage students to participate as much as possible.
