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Unit 6 explains the structure and usage of the four past tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous. The past simple is formed by adding ?ed or ?d to the base form of the verb. For example: I worked, he played, she cooked. (Note: Students should be mindful of irregular verbs that change form in the past simple, e.g. I did, he found etc.) Usages of the past simple: - For past actions when the time is given ? I saw him yesterday - When the time is asked about ? What did you do last week? - When the action clearly took place at a definite time even though this time is not mentioned ? The airplane departed fifteen minutes late - When the time becomes definite as a result of a question or answer in the present perfect ? Where have you been? I?ve been to the cinema. Did you enjoy it? The past contiuous is formed by the auxiliary verb to be (was/were) + the present participle (verb+ing) ? While I was cooking, the doorbell rang. Usages of the past continuous: - For interrupted past actions ? while I was doing something, something else happened - Without time expression it can indicate a gradual development that took place in the past - It was getting darker - To express an action, which began before the indicated time and probably continued after it ? At eight he was having dinner - For descriptions ? When I woke up, the sun was shining The past perfect is formed by had + past participle ? e.g. had started Usages of the past perfect: The past perfect is ?the past in the past?, or the past viewed from another past viewpoint. So it describes an action that took place before another action in the past. When I arrived the concert had started. So the concert was already underway when I came in. The past perfect continuous is formed by had + been + verb+ing ? e.g. Before eating lunch, she had been talking on the phone for two hours. Usage of the past perfect continuous: To talk about longer actions or situations in the past that had been going on continuously up to the past moment that we are talking about. Unit 6 also highlights teaching ideas to use for the activate phase to practice each past tense, such as narrative storytelling combining the past simple, past continuous and past perfect, or a detective game (where were you yesterday at 7pm?) to practice the past continuous etc.
