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Unit 2 covered parts of speech including: nouns, adjectives, comparatives, superlatives, articles, verbs, adverbs, gerunds, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. A noun is a person, place, thing, animal, quality, or state. There are 5 types (common, proper, compound, abstract, and collective) and they can be countable or uncountable. One rule is use \"many\" + countable noun while use \"much\" + uncountable noun. Adjectives describe nouns. When there are multiple nouns, we can put them in order as such: size -> age -> color -> material -> noun. Comparatives are used when comparing two people or things and is usually: Subj. 1 (adjective) +er than Subj. 2. Superlatives are also used when comparing people or things, but used when wanting to emphasize the most/greatest of something. Therefore we use the pattern: the (adj.)+est. There are 2 types of articles, indefinite and definite. \"A/an\" are indefinite and are used for general nouns, whereas \"the\" is definite and is used for a specific noun or when the listener knows the noun the speaker is talking about. Verbs are action words and can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive verbs need an object following them, while intransitive verbs are just an action and don't need an object afterwards. Infinitives are \"to\" + base verb and they usually follow another verb. We use these to show a consequence of an action (Ex. He hopes to win the lottery). There are 4 verb forms: base, past simple, past participle, and present participle. Adverbs describe verbs (Ex. slowly, quickly, twice, sometimes, etc..) Many adverbs are: adj. + ly. A gerund is (verb + ing) and can be used as a subject or an object. Pronouns can be personal, possessive, reflexive, or relative. Personal pronouns (mine, ours, yours, theirs) are different than possessive adjectives (my, our, your, their). Prepositions show a relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word. For example, at, on, by, through, above, etc.. Lastly, conjunctions are used to connect words in sentences smoothly. Examples include: and, but, or, nor, yet. In conclusion, lesson 2 was a good overview of basic grammar patterns and rules that nearly every English instructor should be aware of. Native English speakers might not know the rules or what the exact grammar point is called, but knowing the concepts and how they are used in the English language can help students and learners of a foreign language understand why we speak the way we do and the basis for how our language is structured.
