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Unit 18 Overview In the first part of this unit I learned about Modal Auxiliary Verbs. There are many forms of the verb in English, but these forms are not always sufficient to express all the meanings. For example, showing necessity, obligation, ability, possibility, recommendation, permission and desire cannot be expressed by using the simple forms of the verb. In order to express these ideas, a number of helping or auxiliary verbs are added like: can, must, may, might, will, would, should. Modal auxiliary verbs can control not only the meaning of a sentence but they can also control the power of that sentence too. We can use modal verbs in various verb tenses. For example: Past simple Sorry I'm late. I had to finish my piano class. Present perfect She's had to return to Japan at short notice. Future You'll have to work hard if you want to pass the test. Infinitive I don't want to have to go. Past simple I couldn't/wasn't able to speak until I was 3 years old. Present perfect I haven't been able to solve this problem. Can you help? Future I'm not sure if I will be able to come to your party. Infinitive I would love to be able to play the piano. Next, I learned about Active/ Passive Voice. In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. We form the passive voice by auxiliary verb ?be? + past participle (+ by + agent). Only transitive verbs can be used for passive voice. Ex: Active- The professor teaches the students. Passive- The students are taught by the professor. We can use the passive form if we think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. Also, we can use the passive form if we do not know who is doing the action or if we do not want to mention who is doing the action. And finally, I learned about Phrasal Verbs. We have three types of phrasal verbs 1) Intransitive- They cannot be followed by a direct object. She finally showed up. 2) Transitive separable- An object pronoun can only come between the verb and the particle. However, an object noun can come either between the verb and the particle or after the particle. Turn it off. Turn off the gas. Turn the gas off. 3) Transitive inseparable The object phrase or object pronoun both come after the particle. Unlike Type 2, the object can never come in between the verb and the particle. This type also includes phrasal verbs that have two particles. He takes after his grandfather. The jogger is running after the dog.
