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This unit talks about conditional and reported speech with emphasis on the grammar in both aspects of the language. The unit identifies conditionals as sentences that contain ?if? or similar expressions such as ?when?.They refer to past, present or future possibilities containing two clauses; the ?if? clause and the main clause where either can come in the first part of a conditional sentence. Zero conditional ( if/when +present tense,present tense ) refering to actions and facts that can not be denied for example, The sun sets when it is dusk. First conditionals ( if + present simple, will), modal verbs such as may, might, can, should or must, can replace ?wil?l. For example, she might travel to Brisbane if she wins the lottery. Second conditional ( if + past simple, would/could/might + base form of verb ) . Here when the verb ?to be? is used in the ?if ? clause it can be ?if I was? or ?if I were? for example, If I could change back the hands of time,I would train hard to be a soccer star. Third conditional ( if + past perfect,would/could/might + have + past participle ) for example, If I had studied harder,I would have passed the test. Mixed condtional which results from combining a second and third conditional clause formed by , if + past perfect, would plus base form. For example, If I had listened to the weather forcast,I would be very wet now. The unit also suggest sample teaching ideas for conditionals such as; split sentences, what would happen activities, complete the conditional and many others. For reported speech The unit shows the changes in the tense of the verb in reported speech from direct speech. Here it clarifies the question words when, where, why, who, what, how and others remain the same but the verb changes into positive form when we turn direct questions into reported speech and the question sign usually omitted.Pronouns denoting who is spoken to can also change depending on the context , for example, ?you? could mean, ? me, you ,him, her, it, us or them? . It also notes that time expression are modified if backshifting, where ? yesterday? becomes ?the day before? , ?today? becomes ?that day? and so on. After reading through the unit I have learnt much about how to explain the various conditionals to students as the unit has detailed their structures and usages clearly with examples.I am now confident and can explain the changes in tenses in reported or indirect speech to students.
