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Of the four integrated skills in the classroom, the two referred to as \"productive skills\" are speaking and writing. Both of these skills are used for communication. There are four reasons for which two people may be communicating with each other. That is, for some communicative purpose, wanting to say something, wanting to listen to something, or an interest in what is being said. Using these four reasons, the teacher should create the need and desire for the student to learn. There are two types of activities that can be used to teach productive skills. Accuracy activities and fluency activities, and both are equally important. Accuracy activities are commonly part of the study phase and focus on ensuring correct reproduction of a language. Fluency activities are often part of the activate phase and focus on flow of communication and letting the students experiment with language. Some different types of speaking activities include controlled activities like drills, guided activities like model dialogues, and creative communication like debates. Encouraging students to speak is very important for these activities. Some ways to create a comfortable atmosphere for the students include pair-work, group-work, plenty of guided practice before activities, and careful planning. A teacher should always provide feedback after a free creative speaking activity. Written text is quite different than speaking. Handwriting is often a very personal issue, and the teacher should always encourage the students to improve it. Spelling is important because incorrect spelling can often be perceived as a lack of education. In English, many works sound the same but are written differently, and many words are written the same but pronounced differently, which can make spelling difficult. Layout and punctuation can create another hurdle for the students to overcome. Students should be exposed to many different styles in order to help them learn different layouts. Students should check for grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, spelling, layout, and style mistakes in written work they produce. Creative writing should be encouraged so that students are given the desire to write, and finished work can give students a sense of pride. Games can be a good way to teach language. They can be competitive or co-operative. Games are popular with all age groups and can thus be considered an important part of a lesson plan and not just entertainment. In conclusion, there are many ways to teach productive skills. Teachers should encourage students to participate and create a desire for the student to write and speak.
