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Unit Eight describes English future tenses. There appear to be four formal forms of future tense, just as there are for present and past tense: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. There are a few others as well, two of which are also the present tense: present simple and present continuous (which really seem to me to be future tenses, at least in the examples used here). The final form is ?be going + infinitive?. The most commonly used forms of the future tense are ?be going + infinitive? and the present continuous, as in, respectively, ?the weather will turn stormy later? and ?I'm speaking at the town hall on Friday.? The future simple tense is generally formed by article + shall/will + verb. For example: ?I'll turn 37 in August.? and ?When will you arrive?? The future continuous tense takes the form ?subject + will + be + verb + ing?, as in ?I will be chopping wood.? The future continuous form is used to describe an event that will be in progress in the future, to say what we believe is happening now, to inquire about other's plans, and to refer with certainty to future events. The future perfect tense is formed by combining ?will + have + past participle?. It is used to say that an event will have occurred by a time in the future. ?We believe he will have crossed the finish line by 5:35 pm.? The future perfect continuous tense is formed by combining ?will + have + been + verb + ing?. ?I will have been building this wall for ten years by the time you arrive.? Future perfect tense is used for the specific situation of describing the length of time something will have occurred by a certain future time. The ?Be going + infinitive? form is formed by using the verb ?to be? in the present + going to + a base verb form. ?I am going to write a symphony tonight.? ?Be going + infinitive? is used to describe intentions, predictions based on evidence, and plans. It can easily be confused with the present continuous form. Present simple us used to describe future events such as slightly more formal situations, official time tables, and to imply an immutability to a future scenario. Present continuous is used to describe arrangements and decisions or plans that do not yet have a specific future time. Unit Eight was another very useful review of an important aspect of the English language. I can certainly use these forms without much consideration, but to be able to talk about and teach them is not so easy and this lesson helped bring me up to speed.
