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Unit 7 presents teaching new language vocabulary grammar and functions. Teaching new language requires a lesson plans that have an overall balance of grammar, vocabulary, and functionality. Some lessons may focused on one area, like grammar, but other lessons will focus on other areas. In practice the 'straight arrow' ESA is more suited to introducing new grammar or vocabulary while functions-based lessons are suited to the 'boomerang' and 'patchwork' ESA model. What vocabulary should be taught is important because one does not want to inundate the students with vocabulary they are unlikely to use and likely to forget. The following guidelines are generally used to select vocabulary words : * teachability ( word is not to hard for the students language level ) * frequency ( are the students likely to use or hear the word? ) * appropriateness of the language (can the students use the word, does it fit in the the lesson framework ) 'Engage' Vocabulary segments may include Realia, Mime and action, Pictures, Contrast, Discussion, and Discovery. 'Study' Vocabulary segments may include Gap-fill exercises, Word searches, Crosswords, Matching exercises, Pronunciation exercises, and Dialog/Text study. 'Activate' Vocabulary segments may include Group Discussion, Role-play, Simulation, Story building, Projects, and Debate. Grammar lessons should emphasize the language forms patterns, grammar usage, meaning and spoken vs. written versions. 'Engage' Grammar segments may include Discussion, Scenario building, Prompting, Question and answer, and Visual Clues. 'Study' Grammar segments may include Pronunciation Patterns, Dialog/Text study, Drilling, Gap fills, Jumbled Sentences, and Sentence Building. 'Activate' Grammar segments may include Communication Games, Role-play, Story Building and Discussion/debate. The objective of the ESA grammar lesson given is 'At the end of the lesson students will be able to talk/write about films and books using the past simple tense'. The 'Engage' segment is a class discussion about the students' favorite films/books. In 'Activate' segments the students write a brief synopsis of a book or film they have seen. The last 'Study' segment the students highlight usage of 'past simple' in the synopsis they wrote. 'Language Functions' address certain uses of the language such as inviting, refusing, agreeing, suggesting, etc in a given context. Certain language patterns may be appropriate for different contexts (i.e. formal, informal, tentative, technical etc.). Language Function lessons should stress the need for 'Activation' stage activities and are most suited to the boomerang and patchwork type ESA lessons. Role-Plays are also an important activity in Language Function learning.
