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There are four skills used in any language; receptive which consist of reading and listening and productive skills that include speaking and writing. The receptive skills are listening and reading, because students do not need to produce language to do these, they receive and understand it. These skills are sometimes known as passive skills. The reasons we use reading and listening are to; to fulfill a purpose - we read and listen to achieve a particular purpose for example, reading/listening as to how to assembly a bookshelf, etc. we use receptive skills for entertaining ourselves - for pleasure/enjoyable activities The mind must be able to recognize and understand words and grasp their meaning from existing knowledge of the world or its exposure to things/happenings of the world. Note that reading and listening skills are effective with the help of the mind understanding and processing words to gain a real sense of what is read/listened. There are several skills someone can use when reading/listening which will help them to understand the reading/listening context: predictive skills, scanning, skimming, detailed information, deduction from context. Teaching and learning receptive skills can be challenging for the student. The more a student is exposed to a language, the more they will learn the language. Some ways of addressing language difficulty of students are using pre-teaching vocabulary words/phrases, etc. This is exposing students to challenging words and their structures before teaching the new language context. This should alleviate some pressure from both teacher and student in understanding the context. Using selective texts to students; exposing the student to appropriate listening and reading materials that are 'non-authentic' or 'authentic'. Non-authentic texts are more appropriate for students as they are more language structures suited for their abilities whereas, authentic texts expose then to texts should boost their confidence in receptive skills. Choosing the right topic/dialogue can assist motivate student in learning new language. The teacher should choose topics and tasks that are interesting and will engage all students and will motivate them to learn.One way to choose topics is to knowing the students and their interests. Once the teacher is able to choose interesting topics and get the students motivated, then they will be more able to read/listen to texts with eagerness and enjoyment even if they are not that interested in the topic. Students can get engaged by discussing the topic with the class, pictures, predicting the text. Comprehension task is important in determining a student's ability to master receptive skills. The use of comprehension tasks is to promoted understanding of texts.
