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Unit 8 ? Future tenses A concise overview of the 8th unit: ? Future simple ? Future continuous ? Future perfect ? Future perfect continuous ? Be going + infinitive (?going to? future) ? Present simple ? Present continuous 1. Future simple: Form: will + verb. Example ? It will rain before morning. Usages: ? Future facts and certainties ? Promises ? Predictions (based on no present evidence, as opposed ?to be going to?) ? Assumption/speculations ? Spontaneous decisions (contrast with ?be going to? for planned decisions) ? Threats 2. Future continuous: Form: Subject + will + be + verb + ing (present participle). Example ? We will be waiting for you. Usages: ? To say that something will be in progress at a particular moment in the future ? To ?predict the present? to say what we think or guess might be happening now ? For polite inquiries referring to other people?s plans, but not to influence the listener?s intentions ? To refer to future events which are fixed or decided (without suggesting personal intention) 3. Future perfect: Form: will + have + past participle. Example ? I will have worked here for two years. Usage: the future perfect tense is used to say that something will have been done, completed or achieved by a certain time in the future. Example ? The builder says he will have finished the roof by Monday. In the case of the future perfect, we look back on the past (a completed action) from a future standpoint. That is ?past in the future?. 4. Future perfect continuous: Form: will + have + been + verb + ing. Example ? I will have been working for seven years. Usage: we can use the future perfect continuous to say how long something will have continued by a certain time. Example ? By the time you get there, I will have been working for six hours. The future perfect continuous often includes an adverbial expression that begins with ?BY?, for example ? ?By this time tomorrow?? 5. Be going + infinitive (?going to? future): Form: verb ?to be? in the present, plus going to, plus base form of verb. Example ? I am going to play football next week. Usages: ? Intensions ? Predictions based on present evidence ? Plans (decisions made before speaking) 6. Present simple: Form: present tense form Usages: ? To suggest a more formal situation ? For timetables and schedules ? To suggest a more impersonal tone (often implying on outside compulsion) 7. Present continuous: Form: present continuous tense form Usages: ? For definite arrangements ? For decisions and plans without a time frame
