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Unit 4 Teaching New Language: vocabulary, grammar, and functions The study and teaching of grammar and vocabulary are usually structured as straight arrow lessons, whereas functions are often taught as boomerang and patchwork framework. Vocabulary is selected for lessons based on its appropriateness to the students. This is based on the frequency they will encounter certain words in life at their stage of learning, and the teach-ability of the words. Vocabulary once introduced should be reinforced with the words meaning, the words grammar, where it belongs in a sentence, where and when to utilize the word. As well as interactions the word may have with other words. Finally spelling and pronunciation must also be taught. Techniques for vocabulary teaching using the straight arrow approach can engage using pictures, discussion, discovery and more. Study materials utilized can involve worksheets, games, pronunciation exercises and others. The activate phase for vocabulary can use role play, discussion, story building, debate, and simulation. Grammar in addition to vocabulary is an important next step with language study. How are these words used? How do the words interact with each other? What tense is used when? What is proper punctuation? When and where are they appropriate to use? How do you write the words, how are they spelled and pronounced? These are grammatical questions that should be addressed during a lessen when vocabulary is introduced. Demonstrate proper utilization and also reiterate the word itself for memories sake. Techniques for studying language structure can engage students through discussion, scenario building, prompting, question and answer, as well as props and acting. The context of the language can be taught using texts and dialogue, drills, gap fill sheets, individual repetition, word scramble, and other sentence structural tasks. Grammar is often taught using the patchwork technique, allowing for flow and multiple reiteration of materials. Functions are also often taught using the patchwork method, though boomerang is also used. Functions are sentences of speech that are used to invite, refuse, greet, suggesting, in addition the appropriateness of the speech in situations is also taught. When the teaching methods are applied discussion and groups are used. An example of this can be having the students in pairs, one student asks for a date, and the other student refuses, they continue until one student runs out of things to say. This does not have to be so intimate, talking about dating, one student could sell a hypothetical item to the other and that is refused. The utilization of proper grammar is important to convey a message with language, vocabulary is not enough on its own, this is the meat and potatoes of language, or as the text says, the trunk and the branches and leaves of the language tree.
