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Unit 3 covers the essential teaching theories, methods and techniques that have been utilized and developed over the years - ranging from the original classical approach used in the 1700's to the more recent ESA methodology introduced in the late 1990's. Several methods have evolved depending on the learning context (e.g. audio-lingualism originally used by the army to quickly develop personnel language skills in other countries, silent method using visual tools to represent sounds which was taken from a methodology for teaching maths). Other examples include utilizing movement, music and creating appropriate environments encouraging student receptivity to language learning. The ESA teaching philosophy combines the positive elements of each preceding teaching method and is based on the order of: Engaging (arousing student interest and engagement in the lesson), Study (focusing on the construction of language) and Activation (encouraging student use of the target language and what they know). The ESA approach is very popular and allows greater teaching flexibility and movement back and forth between the stages. It is interesting to learn how different teaching methodologies have evolved depending on context and how elements from each can be combined to create a more flexible and varied learning environment.
