Teach English in Duzhou Jiedao - Chongqing

Learning ModesMany linguists, educators and cognitive scientists argue that we all have an innate ability to understand and form language. Yet what are the differences between one?s native language and another they are trying to learn, and when should they learn it? Though it seems logical that all a student needs is to study diligently, many disagree on whether second language acquisition, much like first language acquisition, can only be most successful when introduced in childhood. The contrasting learning modes between young students and adults can vary greatly, and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of both sets of English learners. Just like a first language, second language learners become fluent through a step by step process, and many say this may be most effective in younger learners. Second language learners are first exposed to the language, and then begin to understand the sound of the language and its writing system. They then learn basic vocabulary, and begin to place the sounds and words together according to the alphabet they have learned. Many say it is easier for a child to progress through these steps, since children question the content less (they simply accept the language for what it is), and they have less external social influences on their development. Children are also often more energetic and curious than adults, and their attention can be captured and held easier through new sounds and visuals. They have less experience with their native language than an adult speaker, and therefore revert back less, instead making connections between the two languages they are simultaneously learning. It is argued that children can acquire a second language naturally, whereas adults cannot. Some argue that the most successful way to become fully competent in a second language is through early exposure, and the learning modes that accompany younger learners. For instance, in the case of a first language being spoken in the home and the second language being that of instruction in school, the child has no choice but to become competent in both. Though this may seem harsh and confusing for the child, the National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE) argues that in the long run, dual language development can be incredibly beneficial for the student. NABE states that students who grow up with instituted bilingual programs in schools develop a stronger grasp of the English language. Older students may be less inclined to choose to place themselves in a situation where they are forced to constantly revert to the second language they are learning. It may seem that the majority of second language proponents say the younger the better, but many also argue that adults can acquire a second language just as quickly and competently through different learning modes. Though older students may have greater external pressures upon their development, they have already mastered their native language, and are consciously aware of the process of language acquisition. Adults also usually acquire a second language for a specific purpose, and are therefore highly motivated. Yet, one of the most important factors for an older leaner is personal health. Older students may have trouble hearing or seeing, and this can greatly affect their productive outcome; it seems that with older students, a greater amount of attention must be placed on their individual needs and interests. Adults may need just as much positive encouragement and reinforcement as younger learners, though through different teaching approaches. Though we may never truly know if younger learners or adults are better at acquiring a second language, educators can recognize the distinct differences in their students? learning modes. Younger learners may have more advantages due to their energy and constantly developing minds, but their individual learning needs often may have to be put aside for the interests of the group. Adults may have more motivation and experience with the learning process, but they may need more individual attention and encouragement. Either way, a strong English teacher will be able to recognize and utilize the different learning modes between younger learners and adults to full potential, to better suit their students? expectations and language acquisition goals. Sources consulted: 1. www.nabe.org 2. www.ntlf.com 3. www.csun.edu 4. tefl course ? Units 3, 19