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We learned four types of the present tense.They are present simple, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous. present simple usages: 1?Habitual or routine actions e.g. She walks to school everyday. 2?permanent situation and facts e.g. The sun rises in the east. 3?commentaries e.g. Beckham passes to Fowler who shoots and scores. 4?directions and instructions e.g. first you go straight on, then you go right. 4?newspaper headlines 5?present stories. Form: Affirmative:Subject+base form +s/+ es e.g. I play piano Negative S+aux. verb 'do' +not+ base form e.g. I don't play piano. Question: aux. verb ' do' +S +base form e.g. Do you play piano? Present Continuous Usages 1?To talk about an action that is in progress at the time of speaking. e.g.I am reading a book. 2?To talk about a temporary action that is not necessarily in progress at the time of speaking e.g. I am on watching a drama at the moment. 3?To emphasize every frequent action (often with always) e.g. She is always biting her nails 4?Background events in a present story. e.g. So I'm standing there when a policeman comes in. 5?To describe the developing situations. e.g. It's getting better 6?To refer to a regular action around a point of time. e.g. He's usually working at this time. Form Affirmative:S + aux.V 'be? +V+ing Negative:S +aux.V 'be?+ not +V+ing Question: aux.V 'be? + S +V+ing Teaching ideas:Developing situations,Telling stories and Actions in progress Present perfect Usages: First When we talk about finished actions/states that happened at indefinite time. It refers to general experience without speak specific detail. e.g. I have eaten octopus. Second Well we are thinking about completed past actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speak. e.g. It has rained a lot today. I have eaten eight cakes this afternoon Third When we talk about something which began in the past and is still true now, at the time of speaking.we don't know if this is likely to continue or not. Forth When we describe past actions with presents results. e.g. Can you help me?I've lost one of my contact lenses. Form Affirmative: S+ aux. verb ' have' + past participle Negative: S+ aux. verb ' have' + not+past participle Question: aux. verb ' have' +S + past participle Present Perfect Continuous Usages :First To communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity,When we want to say how long it has continued e.g. I've been dieting for the last two years. SecondTo describe a recently finishedOn interrupted activity which has to present result e.g. I'm tired because I've been chopping logs all day. Form: Affirmative: S + aux. verb ' have'+ been + V+ing Negative: S+aux. verb ' have' + not+ been+V+ing Question: aux. verb ' have'+ S + been +V+ing
