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Productive Skills: Speaking & Writing Writing is the most neglected skill in TELF. Two or more people communicate because: they have some communicated purpose They want to say something They want to listen to something They are interested in what is being said The teacher MUST create the need & desire for students to communicate. If students don't see the point, they are less likely to want to participate. Accuracy (activities happen during Study Phase) - concentrated on producing correct language. ie: Drilling/Prompting Fluency (activities happen during Active Phase) - concentrated on allowing the students to experiment and be creative with language. ie: Model Dialogues/ Guided role-play - Scenario crated by the teacher: Free Role-Play/ Discussions/ Information gap/ Debates/ Simulations/ Communication Games Both are equally important Reluctant to speak because: Lack of confidence Fear of making mistakes Peer intimidation Lack of interest in the topic Previous learning experiences Cultural reasons Teacher MUST try to overcome these hurdles & encourage student interaction. Create a comfortable atmosphere where students are not afraid to speak or make mistakes. Creative Speaking: Decide your aims Try to predict Length of activity prepare necessary materials work out instrutions During Activity: Arouse students interest via visuals. Relate topic to students Se up the activity so students know the aim Students have enough time to prepare Make the activity even more \"process\" and not \"product\" - Encourage! Monitor the activity & try not to interrupt Evaluate the activity & the students performance. wait until after the activity has finished before correcting. Don't over correct Feedback: Indicate how well the class communicated. Focus on what they were able to do Not down glaring recurring errors in grammar, pronunciation & vocabulary. Individual mistakes discuss in private. Mistakes which are common to the class, mention & practiced on another day. Writing Skills: Handwriting - special training in the formation of individual letters. Poor handwriting may influence the reader in a negative way. Spelling - English is not a phonetic language. Draw students' attention to the different ways of pronouncing the same letters Do exercises to discover spelling rules. Help students with spelling via extensive reading. Layout & Punctuation - Get them to check their written work over for grammar, vocabulary usage as well as punctuation, spelling, layout & style of writing. Creative Writing - same principles need to be applied to writing activities as speaking activities. Creative writing should be encouraged & tasks may include poetry, stories & plays. Put students into pairs or groups for creative writing, so they can input their ideas from different sources . It can be helpful or necessary. Games: is an activity with rules, a goal and an element of fun. Competitive games - players or teams race to be the first to reach the goal. Co-Operative games - players or teams work together towards a common goal. Communicative and linguistic games: the former being activities with a non-linguistic goal or aim.
