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The most common methods and techniques are: Grammar-translation, Audio-lingualism, Presentation, Practice and Production, Task-Based Learning, Communucative Language Teaching, Community Language Learning, The Silent Way, Suggestopaedia, the Lexical approach. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. An effective method 'ESA - Engage, Study and Activate' was put forward by Jeremy Harmer. The aim of the Engage phase is to warm up students and to get them thinking and speaking in English as much as possible before the next phase. The activities of the Study phase are those where the students will focus on the language, they could range from the practice and study of a single sound to an examination and practice of a verb tense. The Activate stage is the stage where the students are encouraged to use all the language they know. Here activities include role-plays, communication games,debates, story writing, etc. The models of an ESA lesson are: 'Strait Arrow', 'Boomerang' and 'Patchwork'. Feedback from the students and correction techniques are also very important for a good teacher.
