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This unit covers general theories about learning and development, how we learn languages and how younger children (5-9 years old) generally differ from older ones (9-13 years old). There are various learning and developmental theories, including maturation theory, environmental theory, constructivism and other theories such as cognitive developmentalists. We acquire our native language (L1) through total immersion in the language as we listen to others speak, then through trial and error we figure out what language is correct, the need to communicate needs and desires becomes the motivation of acquiring the language. Learning L2 is a more conscious learning, and motivation needs to be created, and since language is learnt through its use, the teaching of language must be used in meaningful contexts for it to be effective. Young learners can be divided into a younger (5-9 years old) group 1, and an older (9-13 years old) group 2. As the likes and dislikes, as well as the learning ability of group 1 and 2 are quite different, the methods of teaching should vary and different activities be used.
