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This unit starts with the most common learning and teaching methods and techniques. As every methodology has advantages and pitfalls, the choice of which one to use depends on the teacher and the students' culture and needs. The unit focuses then on the ESA methodology (Engage-Study-Activate) as the most effective methodology for new teachers to learn and apply. The method includes three components: an engage stage, where the teacher tries to involve the students in the lesson; a study stage, where the focus is on the language and how it is constructed and an activate stage, where students are encouraged to use the language by themselves. A straight arrow lesson is conducted in the ESA order, a Boomerang lesson is more flexible and the teacher introduces the language after the students demonstrate that they do not know it and a Patchwork lesson starts with an Engage phase and finishes with an Activate phase with multiple mini-sequences in between. The ideas given for the different phases were quite useful as well as the last topics of the unit regarding the importance of feedback and the correction techniques.
